https://www.wmreview.org/p/can-heretics-excommunicate-foundationalThe WM Reviewen2026-06-30T15:46:13+00:00Can heretics excommunicate? Foundational canonical text says they cannothttps://www.wmreview.org/p/gratian-causa-xxiv-quest-iThe WM Reviewen2026-06-30T15:29:30+00:00'Audivimus', 'Achatius' and Causa XXIV: Heretics Excommunicating Catholics